Smoking cigarettes is deadly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking cigarettes is deadly - Essay Example Over half of all long-term smokers eventually die of a smoking-related disease. Smoking affects many parts of the body; both internally, e.g. increased risk of infertility, impotence and reduced sperm count, and externally, e.g. dry skin, smelly breath and stained teeth. In the short-term, smokers are prone to suffer from a shortness of breath as less oxygen gets transported to the lungs. Long-term, there is increased risk of respiratory problems, e.g. chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic asthma. Smokers also have lower level of antioxidants in the blood to repair damaged cells than non-smokers. This makes them less immune to viruses, which weaken their natural defences. The Surgeon General Report (2010) also highlights that thousands of non-smokers die each year from heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory infections due to breathing in second hand smoke. The scientific link between health risks and second hand smoke is now so strong that a number of countries including the UK have banned all forms of smoking in public places such as restaurants and cinemas. I now wish to turn my attention to 2 of the most well known harmful effects of smoking. Firstly, 85% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking and Martin (2005) states that it’s the leading cause of cancer death amongst smokers.

The Truth Is in the Kowledge Essay Example for Free

The Truth Is in the Kowledge Essay Abstract â€Å"All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them. † Truth is education, but a person could never find the truth without being enlightened. The truth is the easiest thing to find, but many people do not care to find it. Most are more comfortable with the truth or afraid of what actually might be true. However, if they would just be optimistic and fearless they might actually experience and learn more. Anyone can find, learn, and appreciate almost anything that can be taught. And when a person can truly experience any one thing they become enlightened. Not only can this person share his experience but he can also spread the knowledge of what he had learned. Sometimes it is important to examine all possibilities because the amount you can learn can have huge impact on your life. In Mark Twain’s â€Å"Advice to Youths† and Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Caves,† both authors portray that enlightening and experiencing are the two most important aspects of finding the truth. The Truth is in the Knowledge. First of all, as a child, you can find more truths simply just listening to your parents then you could if you just ignore them. The amount of respect and trust you show your parents is directly related to the amount of freedoms and trust they give back to a child. The more a child can show they can listen and learn the more their parents enable them to broaden their experiences. [In Advice to Youth, Twain states, â€Å"Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make more by humoring them that superstition then you can by acting on your own judgment †] Just because you do what your parents tell you, doesn’t mean you need to believe what they’re saying. Just watch your mouth while listening, and still form your opinion down the road. That way your parents will be happy, and still think they know more. While you can still be enlightened more later on down the road. Only one thing can even compare in importance to the truth, and that is a lie. Everyone sees lying as a bad thing, but it is a very important part of life. Every aspect of lie is important; they all have an impact on the outcome in the end. [In Advice to Youth, Twain says, â€Å"Now as to the matter of lying. You want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you’re nearly sure to get caught. †] Once someone catches you in a lie; your relationship changes for the rest of your life. Some might have the tolerance to forgive but they still will have lost faith in you as person. That is why Mark Twain is saying how important lying is in finding the truth in life. You must experience both sides of lies, and learn from them. You never know what a lie might cost you. A person can have a horrible experience the worst time in their life, but as long as they pick themselves up and learn from it; one achieves the best possible outcome from their situation. When someone is down it is pretty hard to cheer them up. You should help them realize they built character and knowledge from it, and the result is a stronger person. [In The Allegory of the Cave, Plato writes, â€Å"Build your character thoughtfully and painstakingly upon these precepts, and by and by, when you have got it built, you will be surprised and gratified to see how nicely and sharply it resembles everyone else’s. †] Sometimes a person cannot help what happens in their life. That is why a lot of people look at you differently as person after you react to controversy. Some would go as far as saying that helps build character and also shows toughness. The more a person is able to experience in life; the more enlightened and knowledgeable they become. First hand experiences are the easiest, and more often than not, the most effective way to educate. There is no better way to start building memory then hands on activities with whichever subject you want to learn about. [Plato also states, â€Å"Last of all he will be able to see the sun and not mere reflections of him in the water, but he will see him in the water, but he will see him in his own proper place, and not another; and he will contemplate him as he is. †] You cannot send someone out to do a job they’ve never done before. You will end up with a mess, which is why experience is just as important as learning anything. It is also why experiencing is just as important to truth as anything else. In closing, both Twain and Plato were saying that you need to learn if you want to find the truth about anything. And when they mean learn they are talking about every single thing around someone. You can simply enjoy life more by broadening skills and learning about things near and far. It is more important to find the truth rather than being scared or avoiding it. The truth can be something bad but you’ll never come out on the positive end of it if you don’t learn from it. Not everything is wrong just because everyone says that it is. A person needs to experience to find the truth and form their own opinion.

Pizza Hut Marketing Plan

Pizza Hut Marketing Plan Pizza Hut is subsidiary of yum! Brands. Inc. The worlds largest restaurant company with more than 34,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. Fast food industry in growing very rapidly and so many new companies are entering in the market. Due to the increased competition companies are losing their market shares. Pizza Hut is preparing to introduce a new product called The Pickle Supreme Pizza in the UK market. The Pickle Supreme Pizza target market consist of professionals those have less time, students, single person households, families with high or medium income. Geographically this product will target Asian people which we feel that are less served in future by Pizza Hut. The new pizza will expand the pizza line and provide more options in our well balanced menu. Our major rivals include Domino Pizza, McDonalds, KFC and other Quick Service Restaurants (QSR). The primary objective of this new pizza is to serve our Asian customers and take competitive over other competitors. We also want to increase our market share by 2 percent in the market with the help of this new Pickle Supreme Pizza. Our marketing planning process of this new product will consist to situational analysis of the market, 7Ps of marketing Mix and control and implementation stage in which our marketing team evaluate the effectiveness of our plan. The marketing department will be responsible of executing this marketing plan into action. SITUATION ANALYSIS A number of demographic and social trends in the UK increasing demand for the quick services restaurants. The divorce rates in UK and other growing trends shows that people are getting married later in life.These factors and many others like Government figures show the number of single-person households rose from 12% of all households in 1971 to 18% in 2001.The figure is expected to reach 38% by 2026.The trends in the 2000s showing that individuals are choosing to eat out more often than eat at home. Another factor to consider is the increased number of women working outside the home. As a result of more women in the workforce, household incomes are increased and are higher than past. The increased incomes and dual-career familys result in less time and people have no time to cook food at home. Also because of higher incomes, consumers have more income that allowing them to eat out more often and when they are at home they are looking for something ready to eat. Market summary The UK is the largest fast food market in Europe and every 6 out of 10 consumers visit Pizza Hut every year, 2 out of 10 for one of our main competitors. In the UK and Ireland, the pizza fast food franchise industry is one of the fastest growing sectors, with pizza taking its place as a popular food among consumers. Similar to eating trends in the USA, the UK is also expanding its consumption level with millions of pizza being consumed every year. As in America people eat 100 acres of pizza per day, or 350 slices a second, the UK is also catching up to this figure very quickly. In a recent survey conducted by BBC World found that 45% of people in the UK were agreeing that they like the taste of fast food very much. Pizza Hut market consist of professionals those have less time, students, single person households, families with high or medium income. Environmental  Analysis (P)olitical Political issues include regulatory and judicial system which may affect the business. As our target market is in UK and there are no series political problems in that market.  Increase taxes can affect pizza hut in future but better management will help us to overcome that problem.   (E)conomical UK is badly affected by rescission. Unemployment level is very high in UK and the savings of people are also very low. This economic slump in the UK will also affect the Pizza Hut because pizzas at Pizza Hut are expensive. We will consider this  factor when setting the price of our new pizza.   (S)ocial Every country has its own social norms, values and religion which can affect Pizza Hut according to its location. In UK people are from different back grounds with different religion and values. We will consider all these factors in our new pizza specially a large  Asian  community in UK which in past was less  served by Pizza Hut. (T)echnological Due to new technology there are so many different ways of marketing such as internet, telemarketing text  massages to the  existing customers as well as  potential customers.  We will use new methods of promotion to increase our market share. Target Market and Customer Profile This section includes the profile of the customers and target markets Asians Due to globalization people are coming from different countries in UK. Our major target is to serve Asian people with that product. Asian people like to eat spicy food and also large numbers of people are vegetarian or eat Halal food. This product will cover all those people. Students Students are the target market of Pizza Hut because they spend a lot of time with friends in universities and like to go out frequently for parties and celebrations. Dual-career families Dual-career families result in less time at home; they have less time to cook food at home. Also these people have higher incomes which allowing them to eat out more often.   Single person house holds The single person house hold are also increasing these people are a target market of Pizza Hut. These people are also like to eat out most the times. Higher and medium income Professionals High professionals are targeted by the pizza hut. Because of lesser time and high disposable income they prefer ready to eat food or eat out side. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Strong Brand Name   Brand recognition is major strength for Pizza Hut. Pizza hut has the strong brand name and a market leader by providing large range of pizzas that strong image of pizza hut will make it easy to launch new pizza in the market. Loyal customers Loyalty of customers is strength of Pizza Hut. The loyal customer will also help the Pizza Hut to launch new pizza in the market. Strong financial position Pizza Hut has excellent international turnover and strong financial position will also help in new pizzas financial matters. Specialized in pizzas Pizza Hut is specialist in pizza making and this specialty will create a strong perception in customers mind for our new pickle pizza. Subsidiary of Yum! Brands,inc Yum is the worlds largest restaurant company and Pizza Hut is subsidiary of Yum brand. Full service restaurants Pizza Hut provides a full service restaurant and delivery services which some of the pizza Huts competitors are not doing. Because of restaurant facility Pizza Hut can market some other segments like families that other pizza chains cannot. (W)eaknesses High priced Pizzas at Pizza Hut are high priced. This is the greatest weakness Pizza Hut has in the market as compared with others. Higher overhead costs Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant services and extra facilities that other competitors do not have to deal with. Fewer outlets: Pizza Hut has the lesser number of outlets and consumers feel difficulty to find pizza Hut. The Pizza Hut chains are not spread as compare to the other fast food restaurants. More focused on western taste: Pizza Hut is more focused on western taste and less on others. The new arrival will also helpful to overcome that weakness. (O)pportunities New Pizzas with different sizes and taste This opportunity is always open for pizza hut to come with new tastes and sizes and served the better than others. We can generate more revenue with our new innovative pizzas. Pickle pizza will help us to take full advantage of that opportunity. Halal pizza Pizza Hut has the opportunity to provide the Halal pizzas and capture a new segment which will increase the market share of pizza Hut. Number of outlets Pizza Hut has the opportunity to expand the business so Pizza Hut should open more outlets to increase market share and compete will with others like McDonalds. (T)hreats Increased completion The competitions in fast food industry is increasing day by day, this increased competition reducing the profit margins in the industry and also cause a great decrease of market share. Low prices by competitors The prices of the competitors are the major concern for Pizza Hut. The competitors are offering low prices to the customers and have competitive advantage over Pizza Hut. Frozen pizzas: Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas that are available in super stores and grocery stores. Competitors Analysis Pizza Hut is facing huge competition in the market. Competitors of Pizza Hut are; Restaurants and cafes Fast-food and Quick-service Restaurants Dominos pizza, Inc. Dominos Pizza, Inc. is an international fast food pizza delivery corporation. Dominos pizza is the UK and Irelands leading pizza delivery company. Dominos first UK store opened in 1985. Dominos pizza is the direct competitor of the Pizza Hut. Low prices of pizzas are the real competitive edge of the Dominos. McDonalds McDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. More recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and fruit. KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken, or KFC, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky.KFC is the subsidiary of Yum Brand. While its primary focus is fried chicken but giving tough time to the Pizza Hut. KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Quick Service Restaurants (QSR), Takeaways: There are thousands of local quick services restaurants are involved in the UKs fast food industry. These local takeaways are providing pizzas, fried chicken, and salads according to the local consumers taste and on very low prices. These restaurants are the real competitors of the pizza hut. The new Pizza Huts pickle pizza will help pizza hut to compete with these restaurants. MacDonald Corporation is the largest group among all top Fast Food corporations. It is having huge brand value as well as revenue, Moreover, the dominos Pizza Inc is the lowest earning group among all, but these all companies are having a universal aim to provide quality food at lower price to the customers. In order to survive in the global industry a company must come up with new tactics and innovations to charge ahead of the competitors. Product Offering We are offering a new pizza to our customers that will be especially popular in Asian customers and also other pizza consumers. New pickle supreme pizza will be available in all different bases and toppings. Available Bases Tuscani Pan The Italian Cheesy Bites Stuffed Crust Topping Topping of the pickle supreme pizza will be mixed pickle, mushrooms, mixed peppers, black olives (customers can add any other available topping of their choice). Availability The pickle supreme pizza will be available in our three menus with different sizes as other pizzas are available Restaurant menu Delivery and takeaway menu Collection menu Pizza deals The new pickle pizza will be available at all pizza hut chains throughout UK. We will take start from England and Wales and then cover Scotland and Ireland as well. MARKETING PLAN The opportunities are also the part of the marketing strategy. Marketing Objectives Pizza Hut has the largest market share in the pizza industry. The high quality of product and services of the pizza hut will help to ensure good chance at successful introduction of a new pizza. The fast food industry is famous for introducing new products to increase short-term sales. This new pizza will increase the market share of the company .Pizza Hut has the competitive edge in innovative products and this new product that will also be successful in the market. There is a high completion in the market; the introduction of a new product is required to keep ahead of the competition. One of our main objectives is to provide a pizza to our Asian customers and to fill a gap between pizza hut and our customers. As earlier mentioned that there is a large community of Asian people living in UK and we fell that they are less served by the Pizza Hut. The new pickle supreme pizza will help us to achieve that objective. Other objectives include Increase in fast food market share. Maintain the competitive edge of the innovations. Fulfil the demand of the customers. Increase in profitability and growth. Target markets The UK will be the target market of the new pickle supreme pizza. Our major aim is to catch Asian costumers by introducing this new product because we feel that they are less served in the past. Other pizza hut costumers will also like this new pizza. Changing social and demographic trend in UK contributed to increased demand for fast food and our target customers include Students, Dual-career families, Single person households etc. Positioning Innovations in menu and service offerings have been the key to Pizza Huts success in UK. Using product line extension we are positioning the pizza Hut an Innovative and quality food restaurant chain. Pizza Hut already positions itself as an excellent services and food provider in the fast food industry. Marketing Mix As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase revenue and profits. With the introduction of this new product we hope to increase the overall sales of the company as well as the services and quality of the products. Product The reason behind our success in all over the world is uncompromising drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value. Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and smothered with our very own 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. Pizza can be part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizza include mixed pickle, mushrooms, mixed peppers, black olives (customers can add any other available topping of their choice). Pickle supreme pizza will be available in all sizes in which other pizzas are available such as individual (4 slices) medium (6 slices) large (8 slices). Pizza Hut has built a strong brand name that means quality products and services. Since Pizza Hut will be introducing Pickle supreme pizza customers will automatically think this is a high quality product. Price Pizza Hut is successfully using the high/low pricing strategies when setting the retail price of its products. This high/low pricing strategies will help to serve more segments in the market. The price of pickle supreme pizza should be set as  £5.99 for individual  £10.99 for medium  £13.99 for large Price skimming strategy will be used as Pizza Hut sets high initial prices for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. The medium and large pickle pizza will be available in deals as well by paying  £2.99 extra; customers can add salad of their own choice. Place At present we are using the direct distribution channels because our markets are very large and geographically dispersed. Other reason of direct distribution is that we have a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Different methods of distribution will be used for pickle supreme pizza as company is currently using for other products. Home delivery is the first distribution method by pizza Hut. Pizza hut provide the pizza for those who want to stay at home and eat pizza. Online ordering is another distribution method that we are using now. Customers can go to the nearest Pizza Hut and can sit and eat there Pizza Hut provides an excellent sitting facilities to customers where they can sit and enjoy the variety of pizzas. This is the most useful distribution method for our pizza. Our new pickle pizza will be available in all distribution channels. This is One of Pizza Huts largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Promotion This objective of the promotion is to create awareness of the new product, Stimulate demand and change the short term behaviour of the customers. We will use different advertisement methods to introduce Pickle supreme pizza such as Advertisement on television Billboard in the main areas to get our customers Leaflets distribution in colleges and universities Door to Door distribution of leaflets In store promotions Banner ads Advertisement in Foot ball grounds E-mails Advertisement on the Web sites These methods are used to promote our product in the market. We use different types of advertisement to create awareness in our target market, we use leaflet distribution in universities to create awareness in student about our product. Advertisement on television in very expensive but we will use that method in the introduction stage of the product where intensive marketing in required. The objective is to create awareness among 90% of our target consumers about the new product. People Pizza Huts providing a very comfortable working environment and our employees are very flexible and they can adopt any change in product with great ease. We will arrange training sessions for employees to upgrade their skills according to the new product. We will put all our efforts to satisfy our employees. Process We will not compromise on quality and services in our restaurants. Our process will remain up to the mark for our new product as well. We have sufficient space for our new product to deal with. We will provide quality food, efficient services with on time deliveries. So our processes will continue without any problem. Physical Evidence Physical evidence is the place where the services being delivered. We are providing full service restaurants with family environment and excellent services. Our new product will also be available in restaurants menu and we have enough space to cover them. Action Plan The Pickle Supreme Pizza will be introduced and available to the customers in start of the July. The purpose of this action plan is to create awareness among the customers about their new product. Here are summaries of action plan we will use during the first four months to achieve our stated objectives. June In June we will start our promotional activities by using in-store advertisement with the slogan of coming soon or new arrival, advertisement on the Television in between world cup football matches. We know that this type of advertisement is very expensive but we expect that this type of advertisement will return us huge revenue. July We will start print media and internet campaign to target professionals, students and single households. We will start leafleting in universities, emails to the professionals and advertisement on the famous website like yahoo or msn to create awareness among our target market. We will continue in store advertisement in this month by giving special discount in meal deals. August In post launch advertisement campaign we will continue leaflet distributions and will use some less expensive techniques of promotion like emails, text messages, magazines and news papers. September We will continue our promotions but with less intensity. We will advertise in the news papers and magazines, leafleting with some other promotions on it in order To keep in touch with our customers. Marketing Research We will identify the market trends and the reaction of the target market towards the product with the help of different types of research methods. This marketing research will help us to identify the positioning of the product in the costumers mind. We will use the following methods to conduct our marketing research Questionnaires We will prepare a questionnaire that will help us in collecting primary data from the customers. The questionnaire will be consisting of different question which will cover all the points that will required to get the accurate research results. Surveys Surveys will keep us up to date about our customers expectations and make us fulfils their needs and wants more effectively. For this we would have to conduct a marketing survey of our market and try to find out that what our customers want and what they feel about new product. Whether they are satisfied with our product or want any up gradation in it. Live Market Test Live market test will work in two ways such as survey and promotions at one time. In store advertisement, promotions and distribution will be done and free samples will be offer to the people and feedback back will be taken from them. This feedback can positive or negative but will help us in future planning of the products. Feedback Form Feedback forms are also very important method of survey which will provide quick information with very low cost. Costumers will give information about their experience about products and services which help us to remove deficiencies if any. Financial Matters We are financially strong enough to introduce a new product in the market. The advertisement budget will be 5% of the projected sale. We are expecting that the Pickle supreme pizza will increase our sale by 6%, this forecast is based upon pervious products sale by Pizza Hut. This 6% increase in sale will bring  £600 million in revenue. It means advertising budget will be of 30 million. No other plant and equipment expenses will be accrued because the existing plant and machinery is used for the production of Pickle Supreme Pizza. Controls and Implementation We will establish a control program to help the management in measuring the results and identifying any problems or performance variation that need corrective actions. The control process involves establishing standards and measuring performance to correct deviations from standards. We will use different techniques to monitor quality and customer service satisfaction. This will help us to react very quickly in correcting any problems at the beginning. We will implement the following method to determine the effectiveness and customer satisfaction from our new product. Annual plan control In this method will monitor that whether company is achieving the targets and goals that are expected from the new product. Different are used monitor this such as Sales analysis, market share analysis, balance scorecard etc. Efficiency Control With the help of this will control on spending efficiency and marketing expenditures. In this we will analyze the sales force efficiency, advertising and sales promotions effectiveness as compare to expenses on all these things. Customers feedback This method will be used to collect information from the customers because this will help us to take immediate actions against any problem. Customers are the primary source to check the success of the product. Customers feedback will help us in taking further steps if required. Marketing Organisations Marketing director will hold overall responsibility for all of the companys marketing activities and all managers in the marketing department will report to the director. Marketing Audit plan will also executed enter the supervision of the marketing director. CONCLUSION I have critically analysed the Pizza hut and its current market situation and found that the fast food trends are changing; customers are demanding high quality food with excellent services and sitting arrangements. Pizza hut is offering large range of pizzas with salads, desserts etc, under one roof. Pizza hut also provide restaurant facilities to the customers. With the help of deep research of the market i found that the Pizza hut is losing large market share by ignoring a rapidly growing market of Asian Customers in the UK. These customers are less served by Pizza Hut but now its time to fill that gap by introducing a new Pickle Supreme pizza. The market environment of fast food industry in UK is very competitive. Pizza Hut is facing direct completion as well as in direct competition in the market in the form of Dominos, McDonalds, and KFC. Pizza Hut is a high price restaurant as compare to its competitors but providing high quality food and sitting facilities. Pizza hut has fewer number of outlets which is a weakness of pizza hut

Get Informed! - Buying The Right Computer :: essays research papers

Get Informed! - Buying The Right Computer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buying the right computer can be complicating. Because of this many people are detoured from using or purchasing a very beneficial machine. Some people have questions about memory, Windows95, and choosing the best system to purchase. Hopefully, I can clear up some of this terms and inform you on what hardware is available.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How much memory do you really need? As much as you can get. Due to todays sloppy programmers, you can't have too much memory. Today's software is about 50 percent wasted code. That means that there is a bunch of memory being used by your computer to do absolutely nothing. It's not like in the past when a programmer had to get a program to run under 512K. Programmers think you have unlimited memory. As a result, the programmers don't worry about how much memory they use. When writing a program, programmers use compilers like Visual C++. When they use prewritten routines from compilers, it adds a lot of useless data. Instead of removing this useless data, the lazy programmer leaves it. Not only does this effect you memory, it also effects how much hard drive space you need. The bigger the program, the more space it takes to save physically. I wouldn't suggest buying anything under a 2 geg hard drive. Why? Because by the time you load you system (Windows95, DOS) and other software; your hard drive is already filled up. How are you going to save your document you wrote in WordPerfect when your hard drive is full? It's usually cheaper in the long run to buy the biggest hard drive available. Plus, you always want to have room for your games. After all, who wants to spend their whole life working?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as processors, I suggest the Cryrix 6x686 166+. It's the best processor for the buck. It's one of the fastest. The processor costs about $300 cheaper then the Pentium version. Its got plenty of processing power to play those high graphic 3D games and make your Internet browser fly. It's also a necessity for programs like Auto Cad 3D and Adobe Photoshop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For video, I suggest at least a 2 meg, Mpeg3 compatible video card. The best all around video card I think is the Maxtor Millennium 3D. It comes in 2meg, 4meg, and 8meg cards. The 4meg card runs around $230.00. You can't beat that. The reason you want the most memory on your video card that you can afford is the more memory you have, the faster the graphics and more colors you

Behaviors Towards Green Hospitals In Thailand Environmental Sciences Essay

Thailand has late experienced an economic over growing that has been coupled with rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. This growing has every bit anticipated, caused a important debasement in the huge natural home grounds and resources of this state. Furthermore, natural catastrophes have raised serious concern in the vicinity. With the increasing consciousness of planetary clime alteration and natural catastrophes in the developed universe, environmental protection and energy sustainability have emerged as issues of turning importance. Companies across all sectors try to develop merchandises and patterns with a minimized environmental load, in order to take portion in â€Å" socially responsible † patterns, and to set up their presence as innovators in the freshly formed niche of consumers with ecological concerns. This is besides true for the Healthcare and Tourism industry, where concerns frequently rely on the unity and sustainability of the environment. However, while a figure of surveies exist for the touristry sector, there has been done about no research on green patterns in the infirmary industry. It is gratuitous to state that there is a high demand for infirmaries to prosecute in green patterns due to the big sum of waste generated but besides the theoretic behind the built-in committedness to a balanced coexistence of the patient with his environment in order to prolong a high degree of quality of life and public wellness. Furthermore, infirmaries that exhibit strong involvement in environmental issues and actively take part in eco-friendly patterns have the possible to distinct themselves from other concerns, therefore making a important competitory advantage. There are no surveies up to day of the month that have measured the consumer attitudes towards green pattern in infirmaries nor their willingness to pay, should an environmental policy in healthcare direction is to take topographic point. Aims The intent of this survey is twofold: to research consumer attitudes towards assorted countries of green patterns in infirmaries and consumers ‘ willingness to pay for green infirmaries, and to foretell attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control taking to the likeliness of consumers to actively seek and see green infirmaries. The proposed research and rating survey will take at placing the consequence of different socio demographic features on the bing likeliness to take â€Å" green † health care, but will besides analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norm and sensed behavioural control on the consumers ‘ purpose to see such infirmaries. Consumers who originate from public sector infirmaries will besides be compared against those from private attention. Methods Ajzens ( 1985 ) Theory of Planned Behavior will be used as a theoretical foundation to analyze the above planned outcomes. Data will be collected with the aid of a structured study questionnaire. The survey sample is anticipated to be ~500 and it will be provided by bing clients of take parting infirmaries. The study will be conducted in the waiting suites of the participating infirmaries, which will be both private attention and public attention infirmaries in Thailand. Assuming that the population of Thailand is M and that M will see a infirmary at one point in their life-time, the survey sample will be divided among the private and public wellness sector. Hence with 250 at each side, the survey sample has been calculated to observe % of a one criterion divergence difference, with a power of 85 per centum and a significance degree of 5 % . This differentiation is made in order to avoid a systematic choice prejudice in the survey sample, since patients of the private sector are more likely to hold a higher socioeconomic degree and therefore either more environmentally led consciousness or a much greater willingness to pay for green tactics. In order to stratify the survey population samples, descriptive statistics will be employed and multiple additive arrested development theoretical accounts will be used to analyse the study instrument ‘s consequences. Use of findings The analyses are anticipated to uncover the true figure of consumers that perceive the country of ‘green infirmaries ‘ as of import. The analytical description of the factors underlying their behaviour will besides be provided and comparings will be made between consumers arising from different wellness backgrounds. It is besides anticipated that the willingness to pay for green health care will be measured by the study instrument, and that this can function as a important managerial assistance in the way of the pertinence and sustainability of such theoretical accounts. Therefore, this research aims to function as an analytical and determination steering tool in the way of greener health care, based on consumer ‘s sentiments. Aim This survey will utilize informations obtained from a constructions study questionnaire directed at consumers of private and public infirmaries in Thailand to find their attitudes and behaviours towards Green Hospitals. The survey ‘s aims are: To research consumer attitudes towards assorted countries of green patterns in infirmaries and consumers ‘ willingness to pay for green infirmaries harmonizing to socio-demographic factors and arising sector of health care used at the clip of the survey. To foretell attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control taking to the likeliness of consumers to actively seek and see green infirmaries in the hereafter. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW This subdivision reviews the current relevant literature available on the current position quo of green patterns in infirmaries, hence making a background for this survey that will show the current demand for green infirmaries and the current accomplishments made or failures observed in already green health care disposals. This subdivision begins with basic background information on the first green infirmaries ‘ studies on mensural impact, patient satisfaction and organisational features and alterations observed. It incorporates a reappraisal on the consequence of green patterns at the industry degree every bit good as a elaborate reappraisal of countries that are of peculiar relevancy for the pertinence of these policies. It besides includes a reappraisal on published methods for all validated instruments directed at the measuring of consumers ‘ attitudes towards health care, their influential potency and subsequent significance to healthcare direction. This is provided to clarify the power of such an grounds based attack, where consumers ‘ sentiments are valued for the devising of managerial determinations on health care policies. This background is necessary to solidify the importance and cogency of the present survey. Finally, the theoretical background is reviewed. First the theory of planned behaviour is analyzed, which will function as a conceptual model for the mensural variables. Then hypotheses are developed, harmonizing to demographics and attitudes, subjective norms and sensed behavioural control. Already published information towards Green patterns in infirmaries is discussed and analyzed harmonizing to attitudes, subjective norms and sensed behavioural control. Green Practices in Tourism Management Research on the sustainability of tourer direction has focused on the development of environmental rules, translated as codifications of behavior or environmental policies ( United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) , 1994 ; Williams, 1993 ) . The 2nd phase of the application of environmental policies as they translated into pattern has besides been achieved for the touristry industry. The ‘greening ‘ of the operational activities of certain sectors of the industry provide with first-class illustrations of this phase ( World Travel & A ; Tourism Council, World Tourism Council, Earth Council, 1995 ) . Hotel sustainability plans have concentrated on waste decrease, energy preservation, and H2O preservation. More sophisticated rejuvenation plans have introduced the usage of organic nutrients, non toxic cleansing merchandises, and chemical-free plague direction techniques. Besides, emanation decrease in the transit sector has been an activity that environmental tourer policies have concentrated on. Reports on the impact appraisal of the deduction of environmental policies in touristry are nevertheless few, and those focal point on the public presentation of a limited figure of international touristry corporations ( WTTERC, 1993 ) .Hence it is hard to reassign their findings to the wide scope of concerns in the wider health care and touristry industry. Green Practices in Health Contrary to their sibling ( the touristry industry ) , it is widely perceived that infirmaries are really immune to alter, both structurally and culturally. Their constellation, normally in concrete, frequently reflects the pattern of wellness attention and patient populations of past epochs. It is said that, alteration within the infirmary involves piecing the resources needed for high-quality attention, such as optimum usage of edifices, people and equipment, and forming them in a manner that provides high-quality attention ( Healy and McKee, Chapter 10 ) . There is a broad scope of surveies that prove an aetiologic relationship between environmental maltreatment and diseases, such as dioxins and malignant neoplastic disease, pesticide and nutrient and the effects of relentless organic defilers. On the infirmary degree, toxin and mercury-containing medical devices, the broad usage of pesticides in and around infirmaries and the big sum of waste generated are all issues that stress the demand for an environmental policy in health care. It is in other words envisioned that a stiff environmental policy could even be a factor of high quality attention for hospital staff and patients. In the last 10 old ages, there has been singular advancement in waste direction from an environmental wellness position. Hospitals have been placed in the frontline for infective waste direction, decreased chemical usage, advancing usage of healthy nutrients and advancing nurse leading in environmental stewardship. Given besides the seemingly increasing trouble of run intoing turning demand for good infirmary attention, infirmary directors have turned to Green Hospitals for better results. aˆÂ ¦ † About a twelve groups began building â€Å" green † infirmaries several old ages ago, and other groups are now following their lead † the Medical-News study in 2006. Inventions include solar panels, permeable pavement stuff to filter chemicals from rainwater overflow, H2O conserving lavatories, gum elastic floors, eco-friendly systems for disposing of medical waste, latex-free scrutiny baseball mitts, and cleaners without rough chemicals and reclaimable dissolvers. Gary Cohen, executive manager of the Environmental Health Fund, said that although inventions ab initio cost more, they can cut down operating costs over clip ( Landro, Wall Street Journal, 10/4/06 ) . The Luminary Project. ( 2005 ) . Nurses illuming the manner to environmental wellness. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.TheLuminaryProject.org. National Society for Healthcare Foodservice Management. ( 2007 ) . About HFM. Retrieved April 13, 2007 from www.hfm.org/about.html Bresnitz E.A. , Beckett W. , Chan-Yeaun M, Craig, T. , Gilman, M. , Harber, P. , et Al. ( 2004 ) . Guidelines for measuring and pull offing asthma hazard at work, school, and diversion. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care. Medicine Series on-line. 169, 873-881. Retrieved March 22, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.asthmaregionalcouncil.org/resources/documents/GuidelinesforAssessingandManagingAsthmaRisk.pdf Green R. , Hauser R. , Calafat AM, Weuve, J. , Schettlet, T, Ringer, S. et Al, ( 2005 ) . Use of di ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate-containing medical merchandises and urinary degrees of glandular fever ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate in neonatal intensive attention unit babies. Environmental Health Perspectives. 113 ( 9 ) , 1222-1225. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7932/7932.pdf Health Care Without Harm. ( 2007 ) . How to be after and keep a quicksilver thermometer exchange. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.noharm.org/library/docs/Going_Green_How_to_Hold_a_Mercury_Thermometer_.pdf Health Care Without Harm. ( 2006 ) . Hazards to asthma posed by indoor wellness attention environments: A usher to identifying and cut downing debatable exposures. Retrieved March 22, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.noharm.org/details.cfm? type=document & A ; ID=1315 Health Care Without Harm, News Release ( 2003 ) . New study: 100 % of reacting infirmaries use pesticides in or around installations. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.noharm.org/details.cfm? type=document & A ; id=867. Health Care Without Harm ( n.d.a. ) Food: The issue. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.noharm.org/us/food/issue. Health Care Without Harm, ( n.d.b ) . Medical waste: The issue. Retrieved January 13, 2007 from the universe broad web at: www.noharm.org/us/medicalwaste/issue. Williams, P.W. ( 1993 ) Environmental concern pattern: Ethical codifications of behavior for touristry. Hospitality Trends 7 ( 1 ) , 8-11. World Travel & A ; Tourism Council, World Tourism Organization, Earth Council ( 1995 ) Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry: Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development. London: WTTC. World Travel & A ; Tourism Environment Research Centre ( WTTERC ) ( 1993 ) Travel & A ; Tourism: Environment & A ; Development. Oxford: WTTERC United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) ( 1988 ) Environmental scrutinizing. Industry and Environment 11 ( 4 ) , 12-18. – ( 1994 ) Environmental Codes of Conduct for Tourism. Paris: UNEP, Industry and Environment. Ward-Whate, L. , Bloomfield Healy, J. ( 1998 ) Social welfare Options: Delivering Social Services. Sydney: Allen & A ; Unwin. Edwards, N. and Harrison, A. ( 1999 ) The infirmary of the hereafter: planning infirmaries with limited grounds. A research and policy job, British Medical Journal, 319: 1361-3. Mentions Chung, J. W. , and Meltzer, D. O.A Estimate of the C footmark of the U.S. wellness attention sector.A JAMA. 302 ( 18 ) :1970-1972, Nov. 11. 2009 Zhu, H.A First eco-friendly infirmary energy works installed. Epoch Times.A Nov 4, 2009. Clark, A.A Deirdre Imus ‘s mission to green up toxic infirmaries. GreenBiz.com.A Oct. 29, 2009. Gilbert, M.A Washington Co. schools, infirmary traveling green.A The Herald-Mail. Oct. 24, 2009. Hemingway, S.A A new shadiness of infirmary viridity. Burlington Free Press. Oct. 18, 2009 Cole, B.A Wisconsin infirmary saves green by traveling green. HealthLeaders Media. Oct. 5, 2009 Guenther R. Sustainable architecture for wellness: a mentality displacement. Guest column. Health Environments Research & A ; Design Journal. 2 ( 4 ) :3-9, Summer 2009 Dunlop, D.A Healthcare ‘s green enterprise: the healthy infirmary motion. Alternate Health Journal. Aug. 3, 2009 Wu, J.A A Environmental conformity: The good, the bad, and the super viridity. Journal of Environmental Management. June 30, 2009. [ Epub in front of print ] Levy, J. , Funk, P. , and Cheney, K.A A The cogeneration option: salvaging money and the planet.A Healthcare Deisgn Magazine.A May 27, 2009 BaldwinA G. How green was my infirmary. Health Data Management. 17 ( 4 ) :82,84, 86, Apr. 2009 Harris, N. , and others.A Hospitals traveling green: a holistic position of the issue and the critical function of the nurse leader.A Holistic Nursing Practice. A 23 ( 2 ) :101-11, Mar./Apr. 2009 Greene, J. Energy. Online auctions touted as a manner to cut down costs, go green. HospitalsA & A ; Health Networks. 83 ( 1 ) :17, Jan. 2009 Crisp, N. , and Donaldson, L.A Material Health: A Resource Flow and Ecological Footprint of the NHS.A Material Health, 2009 Hackenbrach, J.A A Mandates and available inducements for constructing green health care facilities.A Healthcare Design.A 8 ( 12 ) :16-18, Dec. 2008 Gehant, D.A Hospitals and the environment.A Frontiers of Health Services Management.A 25 ( 1 ) :3-10, Fall 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/EXTEAPREGTOPENVIRONMENT/0, ,contentMDK:20266329~menuPK:537827~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502886,00.html Appendix: Outline of the proposed thesis Abstraction Recognitions Vita List of Tables List of Figures Chapters: 1. Introduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1.1. Statement of the Problem†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1.2. Aims of the Study†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1.3. Definitions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1.4. Background and Setting†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1.5. Significance†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL MODEL†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.1. Literature Reappraisal†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.1.1. Green Practices in Healthcare and Tourism Management†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.1.2. Customers†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2.1.3. Industry†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.1.4. The Impact of Green Practices†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.1.5. Areas of Green Practices†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.1.6. Research Questions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.2. Theoretical Model†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.2.1. Theory of Planned Behavior†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.3. Hypothesiss Development†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2.3.1. Demographics and Attitudes†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.3.2. Demographics and Subjective Norms†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2.3.3. Demographics and Perceived Behavioral Control†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2.3.4. Attitude towards Green Practices in Hospitals†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.3.5. Subjective Norm on Green Practices†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2.3.6. Perceived Behavioral Control of Visiting Green Hospitals†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 3. Procedure†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 3.1. Research Design and Subject Selection†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 3.2. Result Measures†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..viii 3.2.1. Independent Variables†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 3.2.2. Dependent Variable†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 3.3. Data Analysis†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 4. Consequence†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 4.1. Internal Consistency Reliability†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.2. Demographic Characteristics†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 4.3. Green Areas†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.4. Correlation of Importance of Green Areas with Demographic Characteristic†¦ †¦ 4.5. Willingness to Pay†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.6. Hypothesiss aa‚ ¬ † Linear Arrested developments†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.6.1. Demographics on Attitudes†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.6.2. Demographics on Subjective Norm†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.6.3. Demographics on Perceived Behavioral Control†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.6.4. Attitudes, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control on Intention 4.7. Multicollinearity†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.8. Linear Regressions Split by Hospitals†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.8.1. Attitudes by Hospital†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.8.2. Subjective Norm by Hospital†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.8.3. Perceived Behavioral Control by Hospital†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 4.8.4. Forecasters of Behavioral Intention by Hospital†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4.9. Qualitative informations†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 5.1. Drumhead†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 5.1.1. Research Questions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 5.1.2. Theory of Planned Behavior†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 5.2. Deductions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 5.3. Restrictions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 5.4. Future Research†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..

the Cather In The Rye essays

the Cather In The Rye essays Over the years schools have been banning the book The Catcher In The Rye by J.D Salinger because of several different reasons. The frequent use of profanity, the web of lies he creates, and the assumption that all teens do is drink. These three different factors dub the book unethical and may corrupt the youth. But all of this is somewhat necessary to create a accurate portrayal of a troubled teenager living in a chaotic society. Profanity is a key element to making a accurate portrayal of a teenage today. All of them has heard the swears whether it be from TV or radio or out of the parents mouth. It would be hypocritical to ban a book because of it. In this book it is not used to make the Holden a hero or someone to look up to. But rather a way of expressing his anger toward life. This also helps him show others how much he likes or dislikes things Lies and deceit is what comes to mind when people think of teenagers. They think that they are a bunch of no good yahoos. They believe that people who lie cant be that good of a person. This is exactly why the main character does lie. He lies to escape the reality of life, because in his lies he can believe and achieve anything he wants. To him, this is much funner than life. Drinking alcohol is a very important part of this novel. Holden uses it to ...